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Xu Jun-liang Ma Lv-yi 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):251-255
In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized. 相似文献
34.
为了提高森林水文研究过程中数据采集的精确性,应用现代测绘技术,包括水准测量、全站仪三维坐标测量、GNSS 卫星测量及测深仪的水深测量等,研究了广州南香山水库的库容变化规律,反演水库上游森林径流。研究结果表明:南香山一年内的降雨量分布出现类似双波浪形的变化,波峰出现在5月份和8月份,波谷出现在1月和10月;降雨量与库容增量存在线性关系,相关系数为0.9152;地表径流的大小主要与植被类型,土壤水分的饱和度及地形有密切关系。相比传统的测量方法,现代测绘技术更精确地反映了广州南香山地区森林水文的变化规律。 相似文献
35.
采用国家标准森林分析方法进行了沙棘与油松、侧柏人工混交林的水文影响研究,结果表明:混交林内年均降水量较林外减少了20.1%;林内月降水量的季节变化以夏、秋、春、冬依次递减;年均气温比纯林内低0.1℃,相对湿度高4.5%;乔木层年均截留量较纯林提高了56.6%,灌木层提高了395.7%;年均地表径流量105.8 L,径流摸数为10.58 m3·km-2·a-1,纯林分别为1 349.05 L和134.9 m3·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀模数为0.65 t·hm-2·a-1,纯林为9.2 t·hm-2·a-1;枯枝落叶层现存量增加了200%;平均容水量为自身质量的3.1倍;土壤密度和土粒密度分别减少了6.3%和17.7%,含水量、孔隙度和通气度分别提高了6.1 %、13.9%、20.3%.不同土层土壤密度和土粒密度由上到下逐渐增大,孔隙度和通气度表层较高,向下逐渐减少;底层、中层和表层土壤非毛管孔隙度分别提高了113.3%、38.6%和32.6%;最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别较纯林平均高11.0%、9.8%、10.5%,较荒地高36.0%、16.0%、25.6%;储水量和0~40 cm储水量分别较纯林和荒地提高了12.4%、22.7%,排水能力也较强. 相似文献
36.
Xiaoming Zhang Xinxiao Yu Sihong Wu Tianxing Wei Xuepei Zhang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(3):336-342
According to fixed-position data for 1985–2003 from nine runoff plots of Caijiachuan watershed which lies in Jixian County
of Shanxi Province in Loess area, this paper studied the relationship between vegetation and runoff and sediment production
in sloping lands in detail, which helps to provide scientific basis for vegetation re-construction and studies on environmental
transformation of water and sediment in watersheds of Loess area. Although, many study results testify that forest vegetation
has an important function in soil and water conservation and cutting runoff, the effect of vegetation on runoff and sediment
transmission is complicated, and this needs to be studied in depth. The results of the paper showed the following. Firstly,
the natural secondary forest performs better function of soil and water conservation than artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and runoff and sediment produced in the former in individual rainfall were 65%–82% and 23%–92% of those produced
in the latter. At the same time, better correlative relationship between runoff and sediment production and rainfall and rainfall
intensity were testified by multiple regression, but the correlation decreased gradually with the increase of canopy density
of forest. Secondly, the difference of runoff and sediment production in several land use types was very distinct, and the
amount of runoff and sediment produced from Ostryopsis davidiana forest and natural secondary forest were the least, and runoff and sediment produced from in artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 5-fold as much as those from O. davidiana forest. Besides, runoff and sediment produced in mixed planting of apple trees and crops were 16.14-fold and 2.96-fold than
those of O. davidiana forest, respectively, but the amount decreased obviously after high-standard soil preparation in the case of the former.
Thirdly, based on gray cognate analyses of factors affecting runoff and sediment production in sloping land, the factors of
stand canopy density and herb and litter biomass were the most significant ones, whose gray incidence degree exceeded 0.6.
Therefore, mixed forest with multi-layer stand structure and shrub forest should be developed in vegetation re-construction
of Loess area, which will help to increase coverage and litter thickness in order to cut down the runoff and sediment dramatically
in sloping land.
__________
Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617] 相似文献
37.
应用热扩散式树干茎流计(TDP)对辽宁省章古台樟子松人工固沙林生长季期间树干液流速率进行了连续5年的测定,结合同步观测的降水、林冠截留量、林内蒸发散量和土壤水分含量,利用水量平衡的方法,推算了现阶段樟子松应有的合理密度。结果表明:4月上中旬沙地樟子松液流启动,10月中下旬液流基本结束,生长季(4-10月)各月平均液流速率分别为2.58、4.78、5.19、5.01、4.84、4.30、1.93 cm·h-1,以6月份的最高,其次依次为7、8、5、9月份,4、10两月平均液流速率较低。通过推算,径阶14、16、18、20 cm的樟子松纯林的合理密度分别应为688、531、422、344株·hm-2,现有同径阶的林分普遍存在密度过大的问题。研究结果对于现有林分的科学经营具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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引入遗传算法优化BP神经网络权重和阈值的方法建立黄土坡面产流入渗模型.模型以雨强、降雨历时、表层40 cm土壤前期含水量、坡度值为输入项,径流量、入渗量为输出项,用实测资料对网络进行模拟和预测.模拟结果平均误差6.32%和1.93%,预测结果平均误差为5.71%和1.92%.并与传统BP神经网络模型和定雨强Philip... 相似文献
40.